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[Download.dzmO] Dioscorides on Pharmacy and Medicine (History of Science)

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For 1,600 years Dioscorides (ca. AD 40–80) was regarded as the foremost authority on drugs. He knew mild laxatives and strong purgatives, analgesics for headaches, antiseptics for wounds, emetics to rid one of ingested poisons, chemotherapy agents for cancer treatments, and even oral contraceptives. Why, then, have his works remained obscure in recent centuries Because of one small oversight (Dioscorides himself thought it was self-evident): he failed to describe his method for organizing drugs by their affinities. This omission led medical authorities to use his materials as a guide to pharmacy while overlooking Dioscorides' most valuable contribution—his empirically derived method for observing and classifying drugs by clinical testing.Dioscorides' De materia medica, a five-volume work, was written in the first century. Here revealed for the first time is the thesis that Dioscorides wrote more than a lengthy guide book. He wrote a great work of science. He had said that he discovered the natural order and would demonstrate it by his arrangement of drugs from plants, minerals, and animals. Until John M. Riddle's pathfinding study, no one saw the genius of his system. Botanists from the eighteenth century often attempted to find his unexplained method by identifying the sequences of his plants according to the Linnean system but, while there are certain patterns, there remained inexplicable incoherencies. However, Dioscorides' natural order as set down in De materia medica was determined by drug affinities as detected by his acute, clinical ability to observe drug reactions in and on the body. So remarkable was his ability to see relationships that, in some cases, he saw what we know to be common chemicals shared by plants of the same and related species and other natural product drugs from animal and mineral sources.Western European and Islamic medicine considered Dioscorides the foremost authority on drugs, just as Hippocrates is regarded as the Father of Medicine. They saw him point the way but only described the end of his finger, despite the fact that in the sixteenth century alone there were over one hundred books published on him. If he had explained what he thought to be self-evident, then science, especially chemistry and medicine, would almost certainly have developed differently. In this culmination of over twenty years of research, Riddle employs modern science and anthropological studies innovatively and cautiously to demonstrate the substance to Dioscorides' authority in medicine. Greek Medicine: Greco-Roman Medicine GRECO-ROMAN MEDICINE . The Classical Era. Greek Medicine was codified systematized and put into its classical form by Hippocrates who is best remembered for the ... History of Lemon Balm - Herbal Legacy The Benefits of the Use of Lemon Balm in Herbal Preparations. History of Lemon Balm History of the Health Sciences Web Resources Organizations in the History of the Health Sciences American Academy for the History of Dentistry American Association for the History of Medicine History of herbology herbalism RMHI A world history of herbology and medical herbalism: oppressed arts A comparative history of medicine. American herbalists' realpolitik essay 1. Social Science History: Society and Science History TimeLine Society and Science: Home Page Dictionary People Books Web links: Social Science History: Time line for the history of society science and social science The Herbal Tradition - History - Planet Herbs Egyptian Herbal Medicine . Egyptian medicine was widely respected throughout the ancient Mediterranean world. The earliest written records of its practices are to be ... Medicine - Jewish Virtual Library From the beginning of their history until modern times Jews have exercised a tremendous influence on the development of medical science. They have always been ... Aloe Vera Gel Research Review Natural Medicine Journal Abstract. Aloe vera commonly known as Barbados or Curaao Aloe is an herbal medicine with a long tradition of use by a variety of cultures. The succulent plant ... Pharmacy - Wikipedia Pharmacy is the science and technique of preparing and dispensing drugs. [citation needed] It is a health profession that links health sciences with chemical sciences ... Pedanius Dioscorides - Wikipedia Pedanius Dioscorides (Ancient Greek: Pedianos Dioskorides; c. 40 90 AD) was a Greek physician pharmacologist botanist ...
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